Public Management

Public Management (634)

  • Somalia is accelerating its national migration to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) to expand its digital infrastructure capacity and support economic growth.
  • The National Communications Authority (NCA) convened internet service providers, universities, and telecom experts on June 10 to synchronize deployment strategies.
  • The government established a dedicated National IPv6 Center at Jamhuriya University to train technical experts and bypass the severe address limits of older IPv4 technology.

Somali authorities leverage digital transformation to boost the country's socio-economic development. Government agencies are aggressively strengthening infrastructure networks to support the rapid growth of digital services across the nation.

To achieve these long-term goals, Somalia is intensifying its structural transition to the new generation of internet addresses (IPv6). This strategic initiative expands the capacity of the country's digital infrastructure and anticipates the future growth of online applications. 

The National Communications Authority (NCA) and the National IPv6 Center advanced this agenda on Wednesday, June 10, by hosting a specialized technical workshop. This strategic meeting united internet service providers, academic institutions, telecommunications experts, and diverse digital sector stakeholders.

According to the national news agency, this collaborative gathering provided a vital platform to raise institutional awareness about IPv6 adoption. The workshop strengthened technical collaboration among key stakeholders, supported the national digital transformation roadmap, deployed next-generation internet technologies, and upgraded existing network infrastructures.

"Today, we do not plan only for the current needs of the internet, but also for those of future generations, ensuring that they have access to modern technologies and remain prepared for the continuous growth of the digital economy," said Mustafa Yasiin Sheikh, Director General of the telecom regulator.

Prior to this workshop, Somalia adopted a dedicated national IPv6 strategy in February 2025 to create a unified implementation framework. This policy framework enabled the successful creation of the National IPv6 Center. Located inside Jamhuriya University, this research hub serves as a specialized center for research and training to prepare a new generation of experts in IPv6 deployment and network management.

These domestic infrastructure initiatives match critical global realities, as the previous generation protocol (IPv4) reached its maximum allocation limits in 2011 despite its continued widespread use across Africa. Launched originally in 1981, IPv4 provides a maximum capacity of approximately 4.3 billion unique IP addresses. Conversely, IPv6 generates up to 340 undecillion addresses, which delivers a permanent solution for the rising connectivity demands of traditional web users and connected Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

This article was initially published in French by Isaac K. Kassouwi

Adapted in English by Ange J.A de Berry Quenum

Posted On vendredi, 12 juin 2026 17:39 Written by
  • Orange RDC aims to help transform the Democratic Republic of Congo into a leading African technology hub by 2030 through investments in connectivity, digital inclusion and talent development.

  • The operator plans to expand fiber-optic infrastructure, improve mobile network quality and advocate lower taxes on smartphones and network equipment.

  • Mobile internet revenues now account for more than half of telecom market revenue in the DRC, while telecommunications penetration has reached 62% and internet penetration stands at 33%.

Orange RDC reaffirmed its ambition to help position the Democratic Republic of Congo as a leading technology hub in Africa by 2030. The company outlined that vision during a meeting between its Chief Executive Officer, Brutus Sadou Diakite, and José Mpanda Kabangu. During the meeting, the operator presented the main pillars of its strategy to support the country's accelerating digital transformation.

Orange RDC placed infrastructure development at the center of its roadmap. The operator plans to continue investing in fiber-optic network expansion and improvements to mobile-network quality. The company considers those investments essential in a country where connectivity challenges remain significant, particularly outside major urban centers. Orange RDC argues that broader digital coverage represents a prerequisite for the development of digital services and the expansion of the digital economy.

Orange RDC also identified device affordability as a strategic priority. The company called for lower taxes on smartphones and network equipment. According to the operator, such measures could accelerate digital-service adoption, improve nationwide coverage and support the investments required to expand network capacity.

Orange RDC also emphasized skills development as a critical component of its strategy. The group intends to leverage its international expertise to support the training of local talent in digital technologies and innovation. The company aims to build a pool of skilled professionals capable of supporting new digital services and sustaining the growth of the Congolese digital economy.

Orange RDC presented its strategy against a backdrop of sustained growth in digital adoption across the country. Industry data show that telecommunications penetration has reached 62%, while internet penetration has climbed to 33%. At the same time, mobile internet revenues now generate more than half of total telecom-sector revenue, highlighting the growing importance of digital services in the Congolese market.

Congolese authorities are also increasing efforts to strengthen digital inclusion. In early June, the Universal Service Development Fund launched construction work on its first pilot telecommunications sites in the Kongo Central province to extend connectivity to underserved areas. Meanwhile, Orange is already participating in several coverage-expansion projects. The company notably works with Vodacom through a partnership designed to connect millions of additional residents in rural regions.

Orange RDC and public authorities agree that infrastructure alone will not create a Congolese technology hub. Both parties believe that the country must also expand access to digital devices, strengthen digital skills and improve connectivity across all 145 territories of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Together, those measures are expected to support broader digital inclusion and accelerate the country's digital transformation.

This article was initially published in French by Samira Njoya

Adapted in English by Ange J.A de Berry Quenum

Posted On mardi, 09 juin 2026 17:14 Written by
  • Madagascar is developing a digital criminal records platform as part of a broader modernization of its judicial system.
  • Courts already use multiple digital applications to manage civil, criminal, commercial and land-related cases, improving case tracking and administrative efficiency.
  • Authorities are evaluating artificial intelligence tools for judicial support functions while regulators push for safeguards on data protection and judicial independence.

Judicial authorities announced the initiative on Tuesday, June 2, during celebrations marking the 65th anniversary of the Supreme Court. The project represents a new phase in the country’s digitalization strategy and aims to further dematerialize administrative procedures across the justice sector.

Authorities said several digital applications already operate within Madagascar’s courts. These platforms include Logipenal, Logicivil, INFO, PAC, ILO and IGAP. The systems manage civil, criminal, commercial and land-related cases while supporting case processing, strengthening traceability and reducing administrative delays within judicial institutions. Officials said the modernization effort seeks to address one of the public’s primary expectations by delivering faster and more accessible judicial services. However, authorities acknowledged that the government must extend these tools across the entire national territory to ensure uniform access to digital judicial services and consistent service delivery among courts.

Authorities are also evaluating artificial intelligence as part of the next stage of judicial modernization. Officials said courts already use AI technologies for certain research and document management functions. Authorities believe these tools could improve administrative efficiency and accelerate case handling processes. At the same time, judicial officials stressed that AI should support decision-making rather than replace the role of judges and magistrates.

Against this backdrop, the Commission malgache de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CMIL) has called for a regulatory framework governing the use of artificial intelligence within the justice sector. The commission said ongoing work should lead to rules that balance technological innovation with the protection of personal data and the preservation of fundamental judicial principles.

This article was initially published in French by Samira Njoya

Adapted in English by Ange J.A de Berry Quenum

Posted On lundi, 08 juin 2026 15:51 Written by
  • Morocco and Orange Maroc signed a memorandum of understanding to accelerate the testing and deployment of artificial intelligence solutions.
  • The partnership will focus on e-government, e-health, e-education and e-agriculture as part of the country’s digital transformation agenda.
  • Morocco expects artificial intelligence to contribute 100 billion dirhams ($11 billion) to GDP by 2030, create 50,000 specialized jobs and support the training of 200,000 graduates.

Morocco continues to implement its artificial intelligence development strategy. The Ministry of Digital Transition and Administrative Reform signed a memorandum of understanding with Orange Maroc in Casablanca on Thursday, June 4, to strengthen cooperation in the testing and deployment of AI solutions.

Minister Delegate Amal El Fallah Seghrouchni and Orange Maroc Chief Executive Officer Hendrik Kasteel signed the agreement. Through the partnership, both parties plan to develop practical AI use cases that align with Morocco’s digital transformation priorities. The partners will place particular emphasis on e-government initiatives to improve the quality and efficiency of public services.

The parties have already identified pilot projects and will jointly develop them over the coming months. Orange Maroc will contribute its infrastructure and technological expertise to test AI applications across several strategic sectors. The company will support projects in e-health, e-education and e-agriculture. Moroccan authorities seek to accelerate AI adoption in sectors that can directly improve citizens’ lives while strengthening the competitiveness of the national economy.

The cooperation aligns with Morocco’s broader ambitions for artificial intelligence development. The government has positioned AI as a core pillar of its “Morocco Digital 2030” strategy and its “AI Made in Morocco” roadmap. These initiatives seek to accelerate the digital transformation of public administrations, businesses and public services. Consequently, policymakers view AI as a key technology for boosting productivity, improving service delivery and supporting long-term economic growth.

Moroccan authorities project that artificial intelligence will contribute 100 billion dirhams (approximately $11 billion) to gross domestic product by 2030. The government also expects the sector to create 50,000 specialized jobs and support the training of 200,000 graduates in AI-related skills. Against this backdrop, the partnership with Orange Maroc aims to accelerate the transition from strategy to implementation by leveraging private-sector infrastructure, technical expertise and innovation capabilities.

This article was initially published in French by Samira Njoya

Adapted in English by Ange J.A de Berry Quenum

 

Posted On vendredi, 05 juin 2026 13:26 Written by
  • Cameroon is seeking financing for DIGI-CoR, a CFA92 billion ($163 million) program aimed at accelerating the digital transformation of decentralized local governments.
  • The initiative will deploy digital infrastructure, improve connectivity and establish interoperable platforms to modernize local public services.
  • Authorities estimate that the program could create more than 9,200 direct, indirect and induced jobs over three years.

Cameroon is seeking funding to implement DIGI-CoR, a CFA92 billion ($163 million) program designed to accelerate the digital transformation of the country's decentralized local authorities.

The government presented the initiative to technical and financial partners in Yaoundé on Tuesday, June 2. The project aims to modernize local administration, expand access to digital public services and reduce regional disparities in connectivity and digital equipment.

The initiative comes as digital projects continue to emerge across Cameroon's municipalities and regions, although deployment remains uneven from one territory to another. Authorities are promoting a coordinated approach to improve interoperability among systems and enhance the quality of services delivered to citizens.

The DIGI-CoR program will deploy digital infrastructure, improve connectivity, equip local authorities with information technology and energy systems, and establish interoperable digital platforms.

The government aims to enable existing administrative systems to communicate with one another more effectively. Authorities expect this interoperability to improve information sharing and increase public-service efficiency.

The initiative targets significant gaps in local digital readiness. According to data presented by the government, 68.5% of decentralized local authorities lack structured computer networks, while 57.8% do not employ personnel specifically trained in digital tools.

These shortcomings continue to slow the modernization of administrative services, even as municipalities and regional governments assume a growing role in local development.

DIGI-CoR will also promote the sharing of digital infrastructure to reduce investment and operating costs. Rather than developing isolated systems, local authorities will rely on shared resources for data hosting, cybersecurity and digital-service management.

In addition, the program will strengthen the skills of public-sector employees and establish a regulatory framework aimed at harmonizing digital transformation efforts across the country.

Authorities expect the initiative to simplify administrative procedures, shorten processing times and improve public access to information. At the same time, local governments should benefit from stronger local revenue mobilization, more efficient administrative management and enhanced data-driven decision-making tools.

The project builds on several digitalization programs already underway in Cameroon. Authorities have developed 335 municipal portals through earlier local-government digitalization programs.

In addition, 145 local authorities have already received equipment financed by the Special Fund for Equipment and Inter-Municipal Intervention (FEICOM).

However, the government believes that these initiatives remain fragmented and insufficiently interconnected, limiting their impact at the national level.

Government projections indicate that DIGI-CoR could generate more than 9,200 direct, indirect and induced jobs over a three-year period. Authorities expect young people and women to secure a significant share of those opportunities.

The government views the initiative as a key lever for accelerating the modernization of territorial administration while supporting the growth of Cameroon’s local digital economy.

Samira Njoya

Posted On jeudi, 04 juin 2026 10:42 Written by
  • Mauritius has launched a nationwide project to digitize more than 10.5 million social security records and integrate them into its future E-Social Security platform.

  • Social protection spending reached 91.4 billion Mauritian rupees ($1.9 billion) in fiscal year 2024-25, representing 37.4% of total government expenditure and 12.8% of GDP.

  • Authorities expect the digital transformation to improve administrative efficiency, strengthen financial oversight and support the long-term sustainability of the pension system.

Mauritius has officially begun the digital transformation of its social security system after thirteen years of waiting. The government formally launched the digitization program for social benefit beneficiary records on May 27 under the “Bulk Scanning of Beneficiary Files” project.

The initiative aims to integrate more than 10.5 million documents into the future E-Social Security system.

The project comes as social protection remains one of the largest components of public expenditure in Mauritius. Official data show that social protection spending reached 91.4 billion Mauritian rupees ($1.9 billion) during fiscal year 2024-25, accounting for 37.4% of total government expenditure and 12.8% of gross domestic product.

As of June 2025, 279,559 people received the Basic Retirement Pension. Until now, authorities have managed a large share of social benefits through paper-based archives. In some Social Security offices, files accumulated from floor to ceiling and complicated the daily work of employees responsible for pensions, social assistance and contributor records, according to Minister of Social Integration, Social Security and National Solidarity Ashok Subron.

Administration Set to Gain Efficiency

The project will gradually digitize all records related to pensions, social assistance programs, disability benefits, as well as members of the National Pension Scheme (NPS) and the National Solidarity Fund (NSF). Authorities estimate that the complete integration of data will require approximately 18 months.

Every month, government agencies process nearly 800,000 payments for at least 350,000 beneficiaries. Against this backdrop, digital procedures offer significant potential to improve public service delivery.

Instant access to information should reduce application-processing times, lower errors associated with manual operations and improve working conditions for public-sector employees.

Consequently, authorities expect the modernization effort to make public services more efficient and accessible.

A Tool to Support Long-Term Sustainability

Beyond operational gains, the project also addresses long-term financial concerns. The reform comes as Mauritius undertakes a gradual restructuring of its pension system. The 2025-26 budget includes a phased increase in the eligibility age for the Basic Retirement Pension from 60 to 65 years.

Authorities introduced the measure to address population aging and rising fiscal pressures.

Meanwhile, several observers have highlighted structural weaknesses in the financing of pensions and social assistance programs. They have also raised concerns about the sustainability, intergenerational fairness and economic coherence of the generalized social contribution scheme that authorities introduced during the COVID-19 crisis.

In this environment, a centralized database could improve beneficiary monitoring, accelerate the identification of duplicate records and administrative anomalies, and provide greater visibility into financial flows.

These capabilities have become increasingly important for managing a system that represents more than one-third of national public expenditure.

Another Pillar of Mauritius’ Digital Strategy

The E-Social Security project also forms part of the Mauritian government’s broader digital roadmap. The administration has placed administrative modernization, transparency and public-sector governance at the center of its policy agenda.

The initiative mirrors a broader trend across Africa, where governments are investing in digital social registries to improve the targeting of public assistance, reduce inclusion and exclusion errors, and strengthen the effectiveness of social policies.

For Mauritius, the objective extends beyond the digitization of paper archives. Authorities aim to build a data infrastructure capable of supporting the future evolution of the social protection system and improving public decision-making as demographic and budgetary pressures intensify.

Challenges of the Digital Transition

However, the success of the project will depend on several factors. Cybersecurity remains one of the most significant challenges. The centralization of sensitive information concerning hundreds of thousands of citizens requires robust safeguards against cyberattacks and data breaches.

Authorities must also ensure compliance with personal data protection requirements, support public employees during the adoption of new digital tools and maintain access to services for vulnerable populations, particularly older citizens.

If authorities meet these conditions, the social security digitalization program could become one of the flagship projects of Mauritius’ administrative modernization agenda and strengthen the effectiveness of a system that remains a cornerstone of national solidarity.

Muriel EDJO

Posted On mardi, 02 juin 2026 06:35 Written by
  • Kenya aims to increase international tourist arrivals from 3 million to 5 million and boost tourism revenue by 50% under its new tourism strategy.

  • Google Kenya and the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife signed a partnership focused on digital skills, artificial intelligence infrastructure and global marketing campaigns.

  • Authorities plan to use AI, cloud technology and data analytics to strengthen Kenya’s competitiveness and expand tourism-related economic growth.

The East African nation has officially launched its new tourism strategy, "Magical Kenya – The Origin of Wonder," an ambitious roadmap that aims to increase international visitor arrivals from 3 million to 5 million and raise tourism revenue by 50%. Authorities plan to achieve those objectives through digital transformation initiatives and global technology partnerships.

At the center of the strategy, Google Kenya and Tourism and Wildlife Minister Rebecca Miano signed a partnership agreement on May 29. The memorandum of collaboration establishes joint investments across three key areas: digital skills development and youth empowerment, artificial intelligence infrastructure deployment through Google Cloud, and enhanced international visibility through Google Ads and market intelligence tools.

The program will run from May through December 2026. The initiative will rely on implementation partners including The Africa Growth Lab and Action Lab. The program will follow several phases, beginning with the development of technological and organizational foundations, continuing with the activation of the ministry’s cloud infrastructure and culminating in global marketing campaigns.

Consequently, authorities expect the initiative to transform Kenya’s tourism industry into a more competitive and digitally driven engine of economic growth.

Kenya Strengthens Its Tourism Appeal

To support the transformation, authorities have established a 22-member task force. The group will redesign the positioning of the "Magical Kenya" brand, strengthen the country’s international appeal and develop innovative strategies to boost tourist arrivals and youth employment.

During the signing ceremony, Minister Rebecca Miano welcomed the strategic collaboration and highlighted the central role of digital technology in diversifying Kenya’s tourism offering.

According to Miano, technology integration will help authorities better showcase all 47 counties through tourism experience mapping and the creation of more personalized visitor journeys.

Through the partnership, Kenya is reinforcing its position as one of Africa’s most advanced adopters of digital technologies for economic development.

By investing in artificial intelligence, cloud infrastructure and digital marketing, Nairobi aims to strengthen its competitiveness against leading global tourism destinations.

The strategy aligns with broader continental trends. Several African destinations, including Tanzania, Rwanda and South Africa, have accelerated investments in digital marketing and online booking platforms.

Kenya now aims to convert its established international reputation into more structured tourism revenues by leveraging Google's distribution capabilities and data analytics tools.

Authorities will evaluate the initiative’s effectiveness through the end of 2026, when the first global marketing campaigns are expected to become fully operational.

Muriel EDJO

Posted On mardi, 02 juin 2026 06:19 Written by
  • Senegal’s National Civil Status Agency (ANEC) and the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations (CDC) signed a partnership agreement on May 22 in Dakar to modernize and secure civil registry services through nationwide digitalization.

  • Senegal had already digitized more than 19 million civil records by 2024 as part of its broader administrative modernization strategy.

  • Authorities aim to strengthen public data management, improve citizens’ access to official documents and reduce document fraud through centralized databases and digital platforms.

Senegal has accelerated the digital transformation of its civil registry system as the government pushes forward with broader administrative modernization efforts.

The National Civil Status Agency (ANEC) and the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations (CDC) signed a partnership agreement in Dakar on Friday, May 22, to modernize and secure civil registry services through nationwide digitalization. Senegal had already digitized more than 19 million civil records by 2024.

The two institutions aim to strengthen administrative data management, improve citizens’ access to official documents and curb document fraud, which continues to affect several administrative procedures across the country.

The partnership includes the gradual digitalization of civil registry procedures, the protection of archives, the modernization of administrative centers and the deployment of digital management tools.

Authorities have already launched several projects, including the creation of a centralized database and the deployment of integrated management software in multiple civil registry centers. In addition, authorities continue to expand the “Sama État civil” platform, which already allows citizens to complete some administrative procedures remotely. The government expects the platform to reduce travel requirements for users and accelerate request processing times.

Meanwhile, the reform comes as several African countries seek to modernize identification systems and civil data management.

According to UNICEF, nearly 150 million children under the age of five worldwide still lack official birth registration, while sub-Saharan Africa remains one of the most affected regions.

In Senegal, challenges linked to birth registration, paper archive preservation and access to administrative documents continue to limit access to certain public services, particularly in rural areas.

Through the reform, Senegalese authorities also seek to improve the reliability of public data as digital administrative services expand.

The government considers civil registry modernization a key component of the country’s national digital strategy. Authorities expect the reform to improve citizen identification, facilitate access to public services and support future projects related to digital identity and broader administrative digitalization.

Samira Njoya

Posted On mardi, 26 mai 2026 14:17 Written by
  • Guinea launched the TELEMO digital platform on May 22 in Conakry to fully digitize public procurement procedures.

  • Authorities developed the platform in partnership with Rwanda to improve transparency, reduce administrative delays and modernize public spending management.

  • Public procurement represents between 11% and 15% of Guinea’s GDP, according to official figures, making the sector a major driver of the national economy.

Guinea officially launched the TELEMO platform in Conakry on Friday, May 22, as the government accelerated efforts to digitize public procurement procedures and modernize public administration.

Authorities developed the digital platform through cooperation with Rwanda. The government aims to modernize public procurement management, strengthen transparency and reduce administrative processing times.

“TELEMO’s vision is to establish a single, reliable and secure national system for managing public procurement. The system tracks every action and records every decision, which enables full transparency. We also target efficiency and inclusion because the platform remains open to all companies, both domestic and international,” TELEMO project manager Mouslihou Diallo said.

The platform now allows authorities to manage the entire public procurement cycle digitally, from tender planning to contract awards.

In addition, the system centralizes tender publication, bid submission and evaluation, procedural monitoring and secure data archiving. The project also seeks to improve small and medium-sized enterprises’ access to public contracts through an online platform.

Meanwhile, the launch forms part of a broader strategy to modernize Guinea’s public finances and digitize government administration.

According to official figures, public procurement accounts for between 11% and 15% of Guinea’s gross domestic product, which makes the sector a major lever of the national economy.

At the regional level, the World Bank estimates that public procurement represents around 11.5% of GDP across West African countries, with governments in the sub-region spending roughly $80 billion annually on goods, services and infrastructure works.

For Guinea, the reform extends beyond administrative modernization.

Authorities expect the digitization of public procurement to improve the efficiency of public spending, strengthen the country’s business climate and increase local companies’ participation in government contracts.

This article was initially published in French by Samira Njoya

Adapted in English by Ange J.A de Berry Quenum

Posted On mardi, 26 mai 2026 12:59 Written by
  • Djibouti launched a feasibility study for “Digital Houses” aimed at expanding digital inclusion and skills development across the country.
  • The E-SKILLS program seeks to train at least 3,000 young people and women by 2029 with a budget of €7 million ($8.1 million).
  • Djibouti faces severe labor market pressures, with youth unemployment reaching 76.32% in 2024, according to the World Bank.

As digital transformation reshapes labor markets, African countries are preparing citizens for future workforce demands. The World Bank estimates that 230 million jobs in sub-Saharan Africa will require digital skills by 2030.

Against this backdrop, the government of Djibouti launched a feasibility study for the creation of “Digital Houses” across the country’s five inland regions. The initiative forms part of the E-SKILLS program, which aims to strengthen digital competencies among the population.

In a statement published on Wednesday, May 13, the Ministry Delegate for the Digital Economy and Innovation said the study represented a key step in defining how the community-based centers would be deployed. Authorities designed the facilities to promote digital inclusion and reduce the digital divide.

“The future Digital Houses will strengthen access to digital skills, support citizens in their use of digital technologies, encourage local innovation and foster economic opportunities within the regions,” the ministry said in a statement shared on social media.

The planned centers will also bring the E-SKILLS program closer to local populations. The initiative aims to train at least 3,000 young people and women by 2029 at an estimated cost of €7 million, or about $8.1 million.

The project aligns with the country’s Vision Djibouti 2035 strategy, the Smart Nation roadmap and the National Development Plan 2025-2030, all of which aim to position Djibouti as a regional hub for digital skills.

Digital Skills and Employment Challenges

Governments increasingly view digital skills as a key driver of economic transformation. The issue carries particular importance in Africa, where youth unemployment remains a major challenge.

According to the International Labour Organization, 90% of jobs worldwide will require some level of digital competency by 2030. Over the same period, the World Bank expects 230 million jobs in sub-Saharan Africa to depend on digital capabilities.

Djibouti faces especially acute labor market pressures. Youth unemployment among people aged 15 to 24 reached 76.32% in 2024, according to World Bank data, nearly five times the global average of 15.7%.

In the same year, only 23.7% of the working-age population held employment, one of the lowest levels among members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, according to the Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries.

Beyond skills development, the Digital Houses could also help reduce connectivity disparities in a country where digital access remains unevenly distributed.

According to the International Telecommunication Union, 4G coverage reached 76% of the population in 2024, while internet penetration stood at 65.3%.

This article was initially published in French by Isaac K. Kassouwi

Adapted in English by Ange J.A de Berry Quenum

Posted On samedi, 16 mai 2026 03:11 Written by
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