After his university studies in France, he returned to his native country, Togo, to contribute his experience to local development. The fintech solutions he developed are used by notable companies and acclaimed by many.
Edem Adjamagbo (photo) is a Togolese entrepreneur and business intelligence engineer. He is also the founder and CEO of fintech company Semoa Group. His company develops innovative payment solutions tailored to the African socio-economic context. The aim is to “digitize cash and boost e-commerce in a continent [Ed.note: Africa] undergoing digital transformation” as well as “position Semoa Group’s solutions as alternatives to bank cards and mobile money.”
Semoa Group started as a simple online service that allowed electronic money transfers to African countries. Over the years, it diversified its activities and even allows users to pay various bills. It now has payment terminals -called Semoa Kiosque- where users can pay their bills. Users can simply load cash at the terminals, pay their bills, and even collect changes, therefore avoiding the usually long queue at the various payment counters.
The solutions developed by the fintech company are already used by notable groups and startups including Gozem, Ecobank, BMCE Capital, Moov Africa, Cofina, and RMO Job Center. The founder started his entrepreneurial career in 2012, while he was still at university. That year, he founded AEConsult, a digital consulting firm. Two years later, when he graduated from Polytech Nantes (France), he founded Semoa Group while at the same time offering his business intelligence consulting services to software development company Sopra Steria.
Back in Africa, in 2016, he became a project manager for Congo Digital academy GENC (Grande école du numérique du Congo). Since 2018, he has been combining his entrepreneurial occupations with contractual lecturing duties at the University of Lome, Togo. The tech entrepreneur has received several awards and recognitions, including the Diaspora Entrepreneur Award and the African Fintech of the Year (awarded by France Finance Innovation) in 2018.
Melchior Koba
After various legal jobs in France, where he gained experience, he returned to Côte d'Ivoire and started his own business. His idea to use technology to offer legal assistance to entrepreneurs seduced many on the continent and even sparked the interest of foreign investors.
Youssouf Ballo (photo) is an Ivorian legal expert and entrepreneur. He is also the co-founder and CEO of Legafrik, a startup offering legal assistance for company creation. The startup he co-founded -with full stack developer Daouda Diallo- in 2017, offers legal and accounting consulting services in OHADA member countries.
Through Legafrik, entrepreneurs receive a 20% discount on all the legal documents, procedures, incorporation, and registration formalities. They also have access to the start-up's network of lawyers with preferential consulting fees when they need assistance from any of those lawyers.
The legaltech was launched to address the lack of legal support and the unavailability of information assisting project owners in the implementation of their ideas and ventures. “When creating their companies, entrepreneurs usually need legal guidance but they don’t necessarily have the adequate financial resources to hire the services of accounting professionals or a notary. [...] Those who complete the formalities themselves do so through the single window platform, which is often time-consuming and complex because they usually don’t have enough information on the documents to prepare or how to fill the required forms. This is why Legafrik was created,” Youssouf explains.
The young entrepreneur has a Master's in international business, trade, and tax law from the University of Abidjan. He also has a Master's in business and property law from Toulouse 1 Capitole University and a Master's in business and tax law from INSEEC Bordeaux.
His brief professional career started in 2015 with the Bordeaux-based law firm COJC where he was a tax adviser. From September 2015 to February 2016, he was the general counsel of tech company Acrelec. Since 2018, concurrently with his work as the CEO of Legafrik, he is also the CEO of Toosign (a startup he founded the same year), a digital trust services provider.
He is a volunteer for the association "Les amis du numérique pour l'Afrique et le développement" whose stated aim is to help boost digital transformation in Africa and France. In 2018, he was one of the awardees of the Francophonie 35 under 35 Youth Awards.
One year after the launch of his inspiring startup, Youssouf Ballo welcomed French platform legalstart.fr into Legafrik’s shareholding. With the support thus provided, he intended to initiate his African expansion. The notable expansion candidates were Benin, Senegal, and Cameroon.
Melchior Koba
With a passion for technology and its disruptive power, he surrounded himself with tech talents to implement innovative and impactful projects.
Cameroonian entrepreneur Vincent Onana Binyegui (photo) is the designer and developer of the solar-powered educational tablet Teachmepad. He distributes the tablets through his startup Teachmepad Mobile Limited, founded in 2016.
With Teachmepad, he guarantees quality education to every child, notably in rural areas where access to the internet and electricity remains a real challenge. Thanks to Teachmepad tablets, children can access educational content, like Wikipedia, offline.
The tablets were launched to address some of the problems Vincent identified in 2014, during his field research works in the Central African Region when he was still studying at the International Relations Institute of Cameroon (IRIC). The notable problem he identified was a shortage of teachers in remote areas, where thousands of children are thus deprived of basic education. He then vowed to address the problems using technology. “Teachmepad is a tablet we built to address several challenges facing education in remote areas; notably poor access to the internet, educational contents and electricity, and a shortage of schools,” he explains.
Vincent has a technician certificate in Banking and Finance, a Bachelor of Management Studies, and a Master's in international relations. He started his professional career in 2008 with two consecutive internships at Company Press and Publishing Cameroon (SOPECAM) and LeSage Cameroon (from 2010 to 2011).
He then dived into the entrepreneurship world in 2012 by co-founding Chartered Finance & Co., a business development and investment firm. In 2014, he launched VOB Research, a startup whose mission is to find tangible solutions to problems encountered by Africans in their daily lives- through technology.
His positive impact on the strategic education sector -thanks to Teachmepad Mobile Limited- earned him multiple awards and recognitions. In 2016 he won the Grand Prize of Project Contest organized by DRIMP Youth Forum Foundation and the Bantu Prize of Innovation awarded by the Bantu Development Initiative. The following year, he was featured in Bonjour Idée's list of the Top 5 African Startups of the Year. He also won the Hackathon Award for the best start-up organized during the international forum on digital economy in Cameroon before winning the 2018 Prix Jeunesse de la Francophonie 35.35.
Melchior Koba
The digital platform boasts of thousands of monthly users, therefore improving the visibility of registered artisans and informal workers.
In 2018, a new startup appeared in the Ivorian startup ecosystem networking users with artisans and informal workers. Dubbed “Mon Artisan” (Which literally means ‘My craftsman’ in French), it was founded by Kevin Sesse (photo), a business law graduate.
The startup specializes in household emergencies and renovation works, including interior design, plumbing, and gardening.
"My team and I give visibility to artisans and informal workers. We also help them access better work opportunities,” Kevin explains. The latter is a member of the Ivorian tech consortium Côte d'Ivoire Innovation 20 (Ci20) and a winner of the 2010 Gifted and Talented Pupils and Students IQ Award for his academic career. He began his professional career in July 2015 as a research assistant at Ipsos Abidjan. From February to August 2016, he was a trainer in the framework of Orange Côte d'Ivoire's Digital Homes program. Currently, he is a managing partner at consulting firm Social Tech Group.
His entrepreneurial career earned him several awards. In 2017, he was awarded the Alassane Ouattara Emerging Young Entrepreneur Award and the MTN Y'ello Start-up Award. The following year, he received the Deloitte Innovative Start-up Award, the Prix Jeunesse de la Francophonie in the technology category, and the African Entrepreneurship Award for Innovation. In 2019, he also won the RFI Challenge App Africa award.
Melchior Koba
She chose to leverage technology to avoid preventable deaths caused by a lack of information. To fulfill her mission she created a universal health identification system dubbed Kea.
Vena Arielle Ahouansou (photo) is a Beninese doctor and entrepreneur. In 2017, she launched Kea Medicals, a startup providing universal health IDs to users. Via her platform Kea, she interconnects various health institutions allowing efficient healthcare to users no matter the health institution they visit. Indeed, attending physicians can check patients’ health records by imputing the latter’s universal IDs (previously provided by Kea) on the startup’s centralized platform. That way, it contributes to better diagnosis and treatment.
Arielle graduated from the University of Parakou's Faculty of Medicine (Benin) in 2017. During her medical internship, she witnessed many preventable deaths. The death of a woman named Charlotte was one too many.
"One evening, in Benin, I was on call at a referral hospital when Charlotte, a woman aged about 27, was referred. She delivered twins in a suburban hospital but, sadly she developed postpartum hemorrhage” and needed an urgent blood transfusion, she explains. The young mother died ten minutes after reaching the referral hospital because doctors had to check her blood type before the transfusion.
To ensure such preventable losses are averted, Arielle Ahouansou is focused on universal health identification. She is also active in several social projects. From 2014 to 2015, she served as the regional coordinator for the Health Sanitation and Hygiene Office, an organization that facilitates people's access to water and sanitation. One year earlier, she founded the non-governmental organization REFELD/MEN for women's empowerment and leadership development.
She is a Tony Elumelu Foundation Entrepreneurship Programme and GSMA Ecosystem Accelerator program fellow. In 2018, she was on Forbes Africa’s list of the 30 under 30 most promising African youths. The following year, she won the Paris Grand Prizes for Innovation.
Melchior Koba
After an extensive professional career, he decided to go back to his native country and offer effective data management solutions.
Philippe Nkouaya (photo) is a Cameroonian entrepreneur and founder of Philjohn Technologies, an IT services and consulting startup. Through the startup he founded in 2017, he offers firms sustainable solutions for quick file processing and sorting.
The startup was created following its founder’s insurance coverage issues. “It took [the insurer] close to a year to process my claim just because I was unable to find my files,” Philippe explains. After that incident, he decided to find solutions so that firms can find any file in “under three seconds.”
He is nowadays a reference in Cameroon. He graduated from The Limoges Computer Sciences Engineering School with a Master’s in Computer Science in 2016. But, his professional career began four years earlier in the entertainment industry. That year, he became the manager of Hope Music Group in Cameroon. In 2014, in conjunction with his duties at Hope Music Group, he was also an assistant IT manager for the communication firm Global Link.
In 2016, he worked as a business intelligence analyst at Business & Decision Group and then as an external IT consultant at Sanofi Pasteur, France. In 2017, he became the Chairman of Hope Music Group, in conjunction with his duties as chairman of Hope Clothing. When he launched Philjohn Technologies, he was a member of the board of Hope Management & Consulting (HOMCO).
Philippe Nkouaya is an E-Ambassador for Campus France. He also won several awards for his works in the digital entrepreneurship sector. He is for instance one of the beneficiaries of the 2018 TEF entrepreneurship program. In 2018, he received the Francophonie 35 under 35 Youth Awards and was named best digital entrepreneur at the Bonteh Digital Media Awards. That same year, he was also on Avance Media's list of the Top 50 most influential young Cameroonians.
Melchior Koba
By training, she was not destined for the heathtech industry. However, a painful incident convinced her that she had to act to save millions of people in Africa.
Beninese-born Bola Bardet (photo) is the founder and CEO of insuretech Susu. Based in Côte d’Ivoire and France, Susu allows the African diaspora to buy health insurance plans for their relatives living on the continent. The plans offered by her startup cover the treatment of chronic illnesses, preventive and emergency care, medical evacuations, and certified drug purchases.
She launched Susu to save others from her painful experience. In 2017, when she was preparing for her MBA in Paris, her father died of poorly managed heart problems. “My father died in 2017 after he had a heart issue in Benin and could not be saved. The health issue was a complication from his hypertension that was poorly managed. At that moment, I was finishing my MBA at HEC Paris and the goal I set for myself was to try to prevent that from happening to other people, maybe that will be something good that I can do in my life,” she explains.
She aims to initiate her startup’s African expansion and enhance offers in Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, and Cameroon. For that purpose, in March 2022, she secured US$1 million in pre-seed funding and US$1.2 million in debt and grant financing from BPI France.
Mrs. Bola is an executive MBA graduate. She also has a Master’s in Management and several professional and social entrepreneurship certificates. Over her fifteen years of professional experience, she sharpened her skills with LCN Communications, luxury goods holding company Richemont, and investment bank JP Morgan Chase & Co.
In 2019, thanks to Susu, she was the winner of the Sanofi challenge organized during the Viva Tech conference. This year, she is also a finalist of the Female Founder Challenge organized by Viva Tech in collaboration with 50inTech.
Melchior Koba
Currently, her smartphones are ambitious competitors to low-cost brands.
Fadima Diawara (photo) is the founder and CEO of Kunfabo, the startup that contributes to digital inclusion in Guinea. In Malinke, kunfabo means “keep in touch”. So, the startup founded in 2017 wants to contribute to digital inclusion in Guinea and Africa as a whole.
Kunfabo smartphones were introduced in the local market in 2020 with preinstalled apps like Find me (which helps geolocalize nearest health centers and pharmacies), Afro Cook (a recipe search engine for African foods), and Dikalo, the messenger app developed by a Cameroonian startup. The smartphones run Android 8.1, are 4G-compliant, and are certified by international bodies, including several in the European Union.
Fadima initiated the Kunfabo project after she noticed the strong demand for quality and affordable smartphones in Africa. "Kunfabo came to meet this need by creating an African brand that represents us and that Africans can identify themselves with," explains the tech entrepreneur. She launched the smartphone thanks to a €300,000 loan she obtained from Societe Generale Guinea in November 2019. Barely a year later, in August 2020, she repaid that loan, testifying to the financial health of Kunfabo and the viability of her project. To date, her startup has sold over 4,000 smartphones.
Fadima Diawara started her professional career, in 2013, as a sales agent at Organo Gold, Spain. In 2015, she joined the administrative management department of Vueling, a low-cost airline. A few months later, she joined Prefabricats Planas before her recruitment at Bershka. In 2017, she was recruited at Lozano Imports Inc, where she stayed for three months before embarking on the Kunfabo adventure.
Her investment in the smartphone manufacturing industry earned her several awards over the years. Those awards include the Original Startup of the Year award in Spain in 2020. The same year, she won the award for best female entrepreneur of the year in Girona, Spain. She was also one of the winners of the 2020 Africa-France Summit Challenge.
Melchior Koba
After four years of witnessing the pains of women in a rural area where he was the head doctor, he created a healthtech to facilitate breast and cervical cancer screening.
Conrad Tankou (photo) is a Cameroonian entrepreneur and founder of heathtech startup Global Innovation and Creativity Space (GIC Space). Through GIC Space (founded in 2018), he developed GICMED, a project aimed at facilitating remote cervical and breast cancer screening.
“GICMED offers cutting edge and cost-effective MedTech and Telemedicine Innovations, enabling poor, remote, and rural communities with the greatest need to enjoy affordable and accessible healthcare,” the startup explains on its website. Indeed, with its services and products, notably breast and cervical cancer screening, smart speculum, fine needle biopsy syringe adapter, and digital pathology center, it allows patients to remotely and quickly get screened wherever they are. It also allows doctors to seek their colleagues’ contributions.
With GICMED, Conrad wants to help women living in remote areas quickly access cervical and breast cancer screening. His wish is to see the solution deployed in every village in Cameroon and Sub-Saharan Africa.
For his works, the P.h.D (in biomedical science in 2013) holder has earned several national and international awards and recognitions. For instance, through GICMED, he won Cameroon's 2019 Startup of the Year award. Then, a year later, he won the Next Einstein Forum Challenge in Kigali. In 2021, GICMED was the winner of the Africa Young Innovators for Health Award presented by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Speak Up Africa.
Before GIC Space, Conrad Tankou had co-founded (with his compatriot Alain Nteff) GiftedMom, in 2013, to improve maternal and child health. From 2014 to 2018, he was the head doctor of Bambalang Medical center, in North-West Cameroon.
Melchior Koba
Barry heads two digital projects, providing solutions to both young tech entrepreneurs and the general public. He is always on the lookout for “the next thing to create.”
Adulaï Bary (photo) is a Bissau-Guinean serial entrepreneur and co-founder of incubator InnovaLab GW. Thanks to the Bissau-based incubator he co-founded in 2016 (with Claudinecia Cabral), he built an ecosystem that facilitates innovative entrepreneurship in the education, agriculture, health, and infrastructure sectors. He offers local innovators the opportunity to mature their project ideas and create successful startups.
He is also the founder of BIGTechnologies SARL (founded in 2014), which develops IT solutions for public and private institutions. Through BIGTechnologies SARL, he designed Ubuntu 2S, a smart solar home, and kiosk system, which helps provide clean energy in remote areas. With Ubuntu 2S, he wants to contribute to digital inclusion in rural areas by first solving their energy access problems. The project, which is operational since 2020, won the Live Innovation Impact Grant Program at the Dubai 2020 World Expo.
In conjunction with his entrepreneurship career, Bary also has prolific professional experience. With a BSc in Applied Computer Science (obtained in 2012), he started his professional career as a storage manager for MOGJ Commerce, a local commercial firm. The same year, he joined Orange Bissau as a support systems engineer before his promotion to the position of functional manager.
After leaving Orange Bissau, in 2018, he became a UNDP consultant for business incubator feasibility. From 2019 to 2020, he was also a youth employment specialist for the International Organization for Migration (IOM).
Apart from his BSc in applied computer science, Adulaï Bary also has an MBA in Business and entrepreneurship obtained, in 2016, from the University of Nevada, during his Mandela Washington Fellowship. In 2017, he took part in the Global Entrepreneurship Summit. Then, from 2017 to 2019, the serial entrepreneur was the Bissau Guinean ambassador to Next Einstein Forum, which highlights breakthrough discoveries and promotes scientific cooperation. In 2018, he was selected as one of the 100 most influential West African young leaders.
Melchior Koba
She federated law professionals to give African countries the required expertise for the development of adequate innovation frameworks. Her works earned her the recognition of several renowned institutions and agencies.
Linda Bonyo (photo) is a Kenyan lawyer specializing in digital law. Her works focus on data governance, digital identity, internet governance artificial intelligence, intellectual property, Etc…, help improve digital regulations and policies in Africa.
She is also an entrepreneur who founded Lawyers Hub, a legaltech company, in 2017. As a pan-African lawyers’ network, Lawyers Hub specializes in digital law training and consulting. Through her legaltech, Linda organized, in 2020, Africa’s first lawtech festival. Baptized Africa Law Tech Festival, it gathered more than 20 African countries and over 1,000 participants.
To support tech startups and promote collaboration between tech and law professionals, she created Lawyers Innovation Hub. All those achievements surely contributed to her selection to this year’s edition of the RoW100: Global Tech's Changemakers list that celebrates those who are “shaping national policies,” among others.
As an attorney at the Supreme court of Kenya and member of several legal organizations such as the Pan African Lawyers Union and the East Africa Law Society, she wants to get fellow lawyers more involved in innovation policies. “The place of policy in innovation I believe should be passionately pursued by lawyers, however, this is not the case presently. Many lawyers, regulators, and policymakers are caught in a maze on what exactly innovation and tech means for the future of regulation and entrepreneurship,” she believes.
Linda began her professional career in 2010 at CRADLE Child Rights Foundation. The same year, she joined the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Ombudsman's office as the Legal Director. From 2013 to 2014, she worked for Transparency International as a governance and policy lawyer. Then, from 2014 to 2017, she was an immigration lawyer at the law firm Bonyo & Co. She was also a member of the 2020-2021 cohort of the Tech Women Emerging Leaders Fellowship. Since 2021, she is a contractual Digital ID & Data Governance consultant for the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. She is also a member of the Real Facebook Oversight Board, in charge of content moderation decisions.
Melchior Koba
Instead of pursuing a conventional career after her Ph.D. in Human genetics, she chose the entrepreneurship world. Nowadays the startup she co-founded helps millions of domestic workers earn better income.
Aisha Pandor (photo) is a South African scientist and entrepreneur. In 2014, she co-founded (with her husband Alen Ribic) Sweepsouth, a startup connecting domestic workers with potential employers.
Currently, the startup is available through a web and mobile app. It claims about 1.2 million domestic workers and some 10,000 monthly users (employers) in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg. Sweepsouth was created to help busy people find quick and trustworthy domestic workers.
“Our nanny was going to be going away on holiday [...] at a very inconvenient time. While trying to replace her, we [Ed.note: Sweepsouth founders] realized that there was a business opportunity here, that actually we could build something that helped busy people like ourselves get a quick replacement for a nanny or domestic worker, but in doing that would also be helping people who work in this industry who are unemployed or underemployed to find work opportunities,” Aisha explained in a videocast.
The co-founder holds a Ph.D. in Human Genetics from the University of Cape Town (in 2011). However, instead of following a normal career path, she preferred the entrepreneurship world. I “figured out that I just was not cut out to be employed…,” she explains. Before her dip into the entrepreneurship world, she spent months as an associate manager at the University of Cape Town and a business analyst for consulting firm Accenture.
The scientist turned entrepreneur has received numerous awards and recognitions for her contribution to the improvement of domestic workers’ revenue. In 2014, she won the SiMODiSA Start-up SA Pitching Competition award. Months later, in 2015, she was selected for the 500 Global accelerator program in Silicon Valley. She also received the Best Female Tech/E-Commerce Entrepreneur and Best Black Tech/E-Commerce Entrepreneur at the 2016 PriceCheck Tech & E-Commerce Awards. The following year, she received the World Economic Forum's Africa’s breakthrough female innovators' award. In 2018, her startup also won the best small business category at Savca Industry Awards.
After some eight years in the South African market, Aisha Pandor wants to expand in international markets, Kenya notably. “We are looking at other countries on the continent where people experience the same sort of issues we did when we first came up with the idea for SweepSouth. The sky’s the limit,” she indicates.
Melchior Koba
Leveraging her professional experience, she created a secured and efficient platform that offers millions of Africans the possibility to invest in fractional shares and slivers of cryptocurrencies as well as get sound financial education.
Nelly Chatue-Diop (photo) is a Cameroonian tech entrepreneur specializing in the fintech sector. In 2020, she co-founded Ejara, a blockchain-powered mobile investment platform allowing users to buy slivers of high-priced cryptocurrencies and fractional shares. Thanks to the platform, users have access to financial education and can also save (starting from US$0.16 per deposit) through mobile money.
I created Ejara “to allow everyone to create, protect and increase their wealth and savings wherever they are in Africa,” Chatue-Diop explains. As a seasoned entrepreneur, she has much professional and entrepreneurship experience in the tech world. With an MSc in electronics, computer science, and telecommunications, she started her professional career, in 2004, as a software engineer for Accenture. In 2007 and 2008, she got an MBA in Corporate Finance from HEC Paris and an MBA in Finance from the London Business School. Concurrently, she made a brief stint as a summer associate at Credit Suisse before joining Revenue Management Solutions (RMS), a multinational offering data-driven solutions to help restaurants improve decision-making.
From 2011 to 2015, she climbed up the corporate ladder of grocery store chain Franprix before joining Darty as a pricing director. While still with Franprix, she co-founded Booper, a company offering price optimization solutions. In 2018, months after leaving Darty, she also co-founded Nzinghaa Lab, specializing in Artificial intelligence and blockchain. At the same time, she was still the chief data officer of Betclic Group, which she left in 2020. The same year when she left Betclic Group, she was appointed chairperson of the board of Giotto.ai, a “one-stop AI Cloud platform encompassing cutting-edge integrative tools and powerful libraries.” In 2021, she co-founded Sewelo Africa Digital Training, an online learning platform.
Nelly’s professional career earned her several awards. In 2013, she won the award of the most-committed woman in the French retail industry. She was named one of the Top 10 Chief Data Professionals in Europe and in 2020, she made it to CDO Magazine's Global Data Power Women list and the Global Top 100 Data Visionaries.
Melchior Koba
With years of combined professional and entrepreneurship experience in Africa’s fintech sector, Dare is committed to facilitating cross-border transactions.
Beninese fintech entrepreneur Dare Okoudjou (photo) is the founder and CEO of MFS Africa, Africa’s largest digital payment gateway. Through his startup, he interconnects close to 320 million mobile money wallets offering service providers the opportunity to reach more people with their products targeting unbanked and underbanked populations.
Dare founded MFS Africa in 2009 to help Africans make payments worldwide. The startup’s main goal is to make transactions as easy as ABC. Its mission is to develop solutions so that the only thing needed for payment anywhere in the world will be a mobile money wallet.
With an MSc in Telecom Engineering from Telecom Paris (in 1999), MFS Africa’s founder started his professional career as a telecom consultant for PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) in 1999. Some years later, he joined MTN Group first as a Senior Manager before his promotion to the position of Head of Mobile Money international development. In 2017, his startup was recognized by the U.S business magazine as one of the ten most innovative companies in the world. In 2020, the global community of impact entrepreneurs Endeavour selected him as one of the most impactful entrepreneurs in the world. The following year, he took part in MIT’s Foundry Fellowship along with 12 African innovators.
A few days ago, Dare Okoudjou made it to the list of Rof World’s 100 global tech changemakers. His ambition is to make borders meaningless in payment transactions. For that purpose, last year, he secured US$100 million during a Series C debt and equity financing round co-led by AfricInvest FIVE and several investors.
Melchior Koba